Salinizationoccurswhentheirrigationwateraccumulated in the soil evapo- rates, leaving behind salts and minerals. What are the effects of salinization on the irrigated land?
(a) It greatly increases the crop production
(b) It makes some soils impermeable
(c) It raises the water table
(d) It fills the air spaces in the soil with water

Capillaries are most effective in
(a) Clayey soil
(b) Silty soil
(c) Sandy soil
(d) Loamy soil

 Soil water available to plants is maximum in
(a) Clayey soil
(b) Silty soil
(c) Sandy soil
(d) Loamy soil

What soil particles are present in loamy soils?
(a) Sand particles
(b) Clay particles
(c) Silt particles
(d) All types of particles

What happens to the soil,where soil water freezes and it tends to form ice layers parallel with the ground surface ?

(a) It heaves the soil upward in an uneven manner
(b) It heaves the soil downward in an uneven manner
(c) It heaves the soil both upward and downward in an even manner
(d) It remains unaffected

Which of the following types of soils produced by granite and gneiss of weathering ?
(a) Red
(b) black
(c) Yellow
(d) Laterite

Match List-I (Soil Forming process) with List-II (Related Characteristic) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists-

List-I
A. Composition of true soil
B. Origin of in organic particle
C. Large quantities of soil
D. Formation of thinner soil

List-II
1. Sticky soil formation
2. Steeper slope
3. Mineral and organic colloids particles
4. Flat upland area
5. Weathering of rocks
Code : A   B   C   D
(a)      3   5   1   2
(b)      4   2   1   5
(c)      3   5   4   1
(d)      4   2   5   1

Which of the following has / have salt marshes as an ideal place for its/ their growth ?
1. Halophytes
2. Mesophytes
3. Xerophytes
Select the correct answer using given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2
(c) 2 only
(d) 1 and 3

 What happens to tropical soils when the rainforest is cleared?
(a) The soil improves to the extent that rouble nutrients are no longer depleted by the trees
(b) There is little effect on the soil because jof its depth of richness
(c) clearing interrupts the cirtical nutrient cycle and leads to soil leaching
(d) The soil stabilise and become excellent for grain crops

 The soil salinity is measured by :
(a) Conductivity meter
(b) Hygrometer
(c) Psychrometer
(d) Auxanometer

Match List-I (Terms) with list-II (Explanaions) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists-

List-I
A. Podzols
B. Terra-rossa
C. Chernozem
D. Chestnut

List-II
1. Black earth soil in Russia
2. Ash soil of Siberia
3. A brown peducal soil of great Plains of U.S.A.
4. Mediterranean reddish clay/ loam soil
Code : A  B   C   D
(a)      2   3   1   4
(b)      1   3   2   4
(c)      1   4   2   3
(d)      2   4   1   3

Assertion (A): Laterite, the typical soil of tropical region, is rich in oxides of iron and aluminium compounds.
Reason (R) : Heavy rainfall promotes leaching of lime and silica content of the soil.
Codes :
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R isnot a correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true

 Which one of following statements is not correct ?
(a) Highly weathered tropical and subtropical soils are called Oxisols.
(b) Grassland soils rich in organic matter and high in bases are called Mollisols
(c) Soils in waterlogged areas with high organic matter are called Histosols
(d) Young soils with no horizons are called lnceptisols

Match List-I(Soil Type) with List-II (Characteristics) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists-
List-I
A. Entisol
B. Vertisol
C. Spodosol
D. Oxisol

List-II
1. Clay-rich soils
2. Highly weathered tropical and subtropical soils
3. Young soils with no horizons
4. Acid soils with leached upper horizon
Code: A   B   C   D
(a)     2   1   3   4
(b)     3   1   4   2
(c)     3   4   1   2
(d)     4   1   2   3

Assertion (A) : The pH of acid rain lies between 9 and 12.
Reason (R) : Acid rain occurs due to heavy air pollution.
Codes :
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is a not correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true

 Assertion (A) : Laterite soils are reddish in colour and poor in humus and plant nutrients.
Reason (R) : In humid tropical climate, excessive leaching takes place under alternative arid and humid conditions.
Codes :
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is a not correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true

Soils, which have undergone gleying and are associated with marshes, swamps or poorly drained upland are called-
(a) calcimorphous soils
(b) hydromorphic soils
(c) halomorphic soils
(d) sierozems

Assertion (A) : Volcanic soils are usually fertile.
Reason (R) : The heat of eruption causes fertility on such soils
Codes :
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is a not correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true

Consider the following statements-
Low soil fertility in Rainy Tropics can be caused by:
1: high temperature and heavy rainfall
2. eluviations and leaching
3. the existence of an extremely active bacterial life on the forest floor.
Of these statements:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
(b) 1 and 2 are correct
(c) 2 and 3 are correct
(d) 1 and 3 are correct

Laterite soils are formed due to-
(a) removal of silicates, lime and organic matter
(b) decayed organic matter
(c) disintegration of volcanic matter
(d) deposition of limestone